1. Know the factors that are considered in deter­mining whether a statute imposes criminal pun­ishment or a civil penalty. Understand why it is significant whether a law imposes criminal pun­ishment or a civil penalty.

2. Name the purposes of punishment, various types of punishments, and the four different approaches to sentencing offenders.

3. Explain the development, purpose, and signifi­cance of sentencing guidelines.

4. Know about truth in sentencing, and victims’ rights.

5. Explain the relationship between the Eighth Amendment and criminal punishment.

6. Summarize the significance of the Equal Protec­tion Clause in criminal sentencing.