After completing this chapter you should be able to:

• Describe the process of cell reproduction and patterns of genetic inheritance.
• Define and provide examples of genetic disorders and chromosomal abnormalities.
• Explain how the dynamic interactions of heredity and environment influence development.
• Discuss the stages of prenatal development, stages of childbirth, and challenges for infants  at risk.
• Identify the principles of teratology, types of teratogens, and ways that teratogens can be used to predict prenatal outcomes.