1. According to the text, family studies showed that the past criminality of which family member(s) was the best predictor of whether others in the family would become criminals?

a. male siblings

b. grandfathers

c. the mother

d. the father

e. all of these

2. According to the text, which type of twins share 50% of their genotype?

a. MZ

b. DZ

c. XZ

d. ZZ

3. According to the text, studies have consistently shown that which type of twins have the highest concordance rates in terms of criminality (as well as virtually all other behaviors and traits)?

a. MZ

b. DZ

c. XZ

d. ZZ

1. According to the text, numerous adoption studies have shown which category of adoptees to have the highest likelihood of becoming criminals, based on the criminality of their biological and adoptive parents?

a. biological parents criminal/adoptive parents criminal

b. biological parents not criminal/adoptive parents criminal

c. biological parents criminal/adoptive parents not criminal

d. neither biological nor adoptive parents criminal

2. According to the text, numerous adoption studies have shown that adoptees with criminal __________ but not __________ parents have a higher likelihood of becoming criminals than adoptees with criminal __________ but not __________ parents.

a. adoptive; biological; biological; adoptive

b. biological; adoptive; adoptive; biological

c. both of these categories of adoptees have about the same likelihood of becoming criminals.

3. According to the text, many studies have shown that identical twins separated at birth have far lower concordance rates in terms of criminality than do identical twins raised together. True or false?

1. According to the text, which type of cytogenetic mutation has been most linked to criminality?

a. XXY

b. XXX

c. XYY

d. XX

2. According to the text, which type of neurotransmitter, when at low levels, has been consistently linked to criminality?

a. norepinephrine

b. GABA

c. serotonin

d. dopamine

e. none of these

3. According to the text, which type of neurotransmitter is likely to have a curvilinear effect on criminality, meaning that both very high and very low levels have been linked to deviant, antisocial behavior?

a. norepinephrine

b. GABA

c. serotonin

d. dopamine

1. According to the text, which area of the brain seems most important in terms of trauma when considering the likelihood of criminality?

a. occipital lobes

b. parietal lobes

c. frontal lobes

d. cerebellum

2. According to the text, our __________ nervous system governs involuntary motor activity and is key in the “fight-or-flight” responses we have when in danger.

a. central

b. gastronomic

c. autonomic

d. cerebral

3. According to the text, many studies have consistently shown that individuals who have a __________ heart rate and brain waves are more likely to be criminals.

a. slower

b. faster