1. The UCR is based on offenses reported to __________.
Answer: law enforcement
2. Unknown crimes are referred to as __________.
Answer: the dark figure of crime
3. When more than one Part I offense is classified, the law enforcement agency must locate the offense that is highest on the list; this is referred to as the __________.
Answer: hierarchy rule
4. Exceptions to the hierarchy rule are __________.
Answer: arson, human trafficking/commercial sex acts, and human trafficking/involuntary servitude; these offenses are always reported, even in multiple-offense situations
Learning Check 2.2
1. __________ are not separate, distinct crimes; rather, they are traditional crimes motivated by the offender’s bias.
Answer: Hate crimes
2. Like the UCR Program, __________ data include only those crimes reported to law enforcement.
Answer: NIBRS
3. NIBRS does not use the hierarchy rule (true or false?).
Answer: True
4. Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted (LEOKA) is a supplementary data collection program of the __________.
Answer: UCR
Learning Check 2.3
1. The __________ survey collects information on substance and alcohol use patterns among youths.
Answer: Monitoring the Future
2. The __________ started with an initial sample of youths born between 1959 and 1965.
Answer: National Youth Survey
3. In 1926, Congress mandated the collection of information on individuals incarcerated in state and federal prisons, resulting in the __________.
