Introduction to Criminology: Why Do They Do It?
Third Edition
by Pamela J. Schram and Stephen G. Tibbetts
Student Resources
Learning Check Answers
Learning Check 5.1
1. What term means the study of and policies related to the improvement of the human race via control of selective reproduction?
a. cytogenetics
b. ethnographics
c. racionology
d. eugenics
e. fascionics
Answer: D
2. What is the 19th-century study of the size of the brain/skull that posited that the bigger the brain, the more superior the person or race?
a. phrenology
b. physiognomy
c. craniometry
d. skullography
e. cerebrotology
Answer: C
3. What is the 19th-century study of various bumps on portions of the skull believed to reveal weaknesses in terms of certain cognitive or personality traits?
a. phrenology
b. physiognomy
c. craniometry
d. skullography
e. cerebrotology
Answer: A
Learning Check 5.2
1. Who is considered the father of criminology, as well as the father of the Positive School of criminological thought?
a. Beccaria
b. Binet
c. Lombroso
d. Sheldon
e. Hirschi
Answer: C
2. What did the father of Criminology say was a way to identify the most dangerous, chronic criminals?
a. having bad parents
b. being poor
c. having delinquent peers
d. stigmata
e. having weak ties to conventional society
Answer: D
3. What does the Positive School of criminology assume that clearly distinguishes it from the Classical School of criminology?
a. free will/free choice
b. rational decision-making in choosing behavior
c. determinism
d. hedonism
e. utilitarianism
Answer: C
Learning Check 5.3
1. According to the text, which theorist invented IQ testing in France in the early 1900s?
a. Lombroso
b. Binet
c. Goddard
d. Sheldon
e. Hirschi
Answer: B
2. According to the text, which theorist was one of the key proponents of IQ testing in the United States in the early 1900s and had his research team identify “feeble-minded” persons at New York’s Ellis Island?
a. Lombroso
b. Binet
c. Goddard
d. Sheldon
e. Hirschi
Answer: C
3. According to the text, which level of “feeble-mindedness” was considered the biggest threat to society, because it was the closest to average intelligence?
a. moron
b. idiot
c. imbecile
d. stupid
e. retarded
Answer: A
4. According to the text, what U.S. Supreme Court case (decided in 1927) ruled it constitutional for individuals to be sterilized based on IQ scores?
a. Miranda v. Arizona
b. Buck v. Bell
c. Mapp v. Ohio
d. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania
e. Breed v. Jones
Answer: B
Learning Check 5.4
1. According to the text, which theorist developed the most prominent theory on body types, known as somatotyping?
a. Lombroso
b. Binet
c. Goddard
d. Sheldon
e. Hirschi
Answer: D
2. According to the text, which body type is a muscular/athletic build and the most likely among individuals who tend to be delinquent or criminal?
a. ectomorphic
b. endomorphic
c. mesomorphic
d. klectomorphic
e. candomorphic
Answer: C
3. According to the text, which type of personality is correlated with an ectomorphic body type?
a. jolly/happy-go-lucky
b. aggressive/extroverted
c. shy/introverted
d. none of these
Answer: C