After reading Chapter 9, you should be able to:

• Describe the issues surrounding our understanding of emotional or behavioral disorders.
   
• Compare clinically derived and statistically derived systems for classifying emotional or behavioral disorders.
   
• Explain how society has historically dealt with persons with emotional or behavioral disorders.
   
• Identify biological and psychosocial risk factors of emotional or behavioral disorders.
   
• List the learning and social characteristics typical of students who exhibit emotional or behavioral disorders.
   
• Describe contemporary approaches for assessing pupils with emotional or behavioral disorders.
   
• Discuss academic and behavioral interventions often used with individuals with emotional or behavioral disorders.
   
• Summarize educational services for persons with emotional or behavioral disorders across the life span.