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Journal Article 5.1 Banbury, C., Herkenhoff, L., & Subrahmanyan, S. (2015). Understanding different types of subsistence economies: The case of the Batwa of Buhoma, Uganda. Journal of Macromarketing, 35(2), 243–256. DOI: 10.1177/0276146714528954
Abstract: The Batwa of Buhoma, Uganda, a remote hunter-gatherer community were evicted from their forest in 1992 in order to provide a sanctuary for the mountain gorillas. Based on individual and group interviews, this commentary provides a case study that describes how the Batwa now address their basic needs, and how they participate in the formation of subsistence markets and microenterprises. In positioning this study, four types of subsistence economies are identified: nature-based, nonprofit-based, market-based, and hybrid. In addition, different types of subsistence markets are identified, namely, within community and cross-community markets. This then raises several questions for future research and for subsistence communities like the Batwa’s regarding how to achieve sustainability.

Journal Article 5.2 Mwantimwa, K. (2017). Use of mobile phones among agro-pastoralist communities in Tanzania. Information Development, 1015. DOI: 10.1177/0266666917739952
Abstract: The study examined the usage of mobile phones among agro-pastoralists in Monduli and Bagamoyo districts in Tanzania. The study used a mixed approach in collecting and analyzing the resultant data. The study’s findings reveal that individual and technology characteristics are important factors for mobile phone ownership and usage among agro-pastoralists. Further, the findings suggest that effective use of mobile phones presents a huge opportunity for improving information access for agro-pastoralist communities, so supporting their poverty reduction programs. Accordingly, usage of mobile phone technologies can offset some of the effects of neglected rural infrastructure and make rural development sustainable and competitive. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to rethink and reorient the development thrust and deploy mobile phones to address business transaction and information access problems and supplement development-related information provided by other media.