After you have read this chapter, you will be able to:

4.1 List some of the characteristics of human languages

4.2 Describe the process by which humans learn language

4.3 Summarize the meanings of phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics

4.4 Discuss the relationship between language as a system and the performance of language

4.5 Evaluate the relationships between language, race, ethnicity, and social class

4.6 Summarize the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and debate the relationship between language and thought

4.7 List several different forms of nonverbal communication

4.8 Compare different ways in which language changes

4.9 Analyze the importance and effects of globalization in language and change