(9.1) DuBois, D.L., Lockerd, E.M., Reach, K., & Parra, G.R. (2003). Effective strategies for esteem-enhancement: What do young adolescents have to say? The Journal of Early Adolescence, 23 (4), 405-434.

Abstract
Focus groups were conducted with young adolescents ( N = 61) to obtain a consumer perspective on esteem-enhancement strategies for their age group. Overall, the input obtained supports a comprehensive, psychosocial/developmental approach. To address the views and preferences expressed by young adolescents, program content should (a) provide esteem-enhancing experiences in multiple domains of early adolescent development, (b) reduce reliance on "unhealthy" sources of self-esteem, and (c) be sensitive to diversity in participant backgrounds (e.g., race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status). Program designs should (a) be inclusive (i.e., include all youth) and involve multiple important persons in young adolescents'lives; (b) emphasize an experiential, individualized approach; (c) allow for participation over extended periods of time; and (d) incorporate strong linkages to the surrounding community. Based on current findings and related research, the need for esteem-enhancement strategies that are environmentally oriented and integrated within broader youth development initiatives is emphasized.

(9.2) Walshe, C., Ewing, G., & Griffiths, J. (2011). Using observation as a data collection method to help understand patient and professional roles and actions in palliative care settings. Palliative Medicine, 26 (8): 1048-1054.

Abstract
Background: Observational research methods are important for understanding people’s actions, roles and behaviour. However, these techniques are underused generally in healthcare research, including research in the palliative care field.
Aim: The aim in this paper is to place qualitative observational data collection methods in their methodological context and provide an overview of issues to consider when using observation as a method of data collection. This paper discusses practical considerations when conducting palliative care research using observation.
Findings: Observational data collection methods span research paradigms, and qualitative approaches contribute by their focus on ‘natural’ settings which allow the explanation of social processes and phenomena. In particular, they can facilitate understanding of what people do and how these can alter in response to situations and over time, especially where people find their own practice difficult to articulate. Observational studies can be challenging to carry out: we focus on the potentially problematic areas of sampling, consent and ethics, data collection and recording, data management and analysis.
Conclusion: Qualitative observational data collection methods can contribute to theoretical and conceptual development and the explanation of social processes in palliative care. In particular this contribution to understanding care structures and processes should improve understanding of patients’ experiences of their care journey and thus impact on care outcomes.