After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Explain why ordinal data are computed using nonparametric tests.
2. Compute the one-sample and related-samples sign tests and interpret the results.
3. Compute the normal approximation for the sign test.
4. Compute the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test and interpret the results.
5. Compute the normal approximation for the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test.
6. Compute the Mann-Whitney U test and interpret the results.
7. Compute the normal approximation for the Mann-Whitney U test.
8. Compute the Kruskal-Wallis H test and interpret the results.
9. Compute the Friedman test and interpret the results.
10. Summarize the results of nonparametric tests for ordinal data in APA format.
11. Compute the related-samples sign test, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks T test, the Mann-Whitney U test, the Kruskal-Wallis H test, and the Friedman test using SPSS.