After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

1. Describe two types of research designs used when selecting related samples.
2. Explain why difference scores are computed for the related-samples t test.
3. Calculate the degrees of freedom for a related-samples t test and locate critical values in the t table.
4. Identify the assumptions for the related-samples t test.
5. Compute a related-samples t test and interpret the results.
6. Compute and interpret effect size and proportion of variance for a related-samples t test.
7. State three advantages for selecting related samples.
8. Summarize the results of a related-samples t test in APA format.
9. Compute a related-samples t test using SPSS.