After reading this chapter, you should be able to

• List the two primary hypotheses about how peers and friends matter to delinquency
• Explain how gender matters to patterns of peer relationships and delinquency
• Outline the impact of a lack of friends on delinquency
• Discuss the different ways youth are using new technologies and their relevance to delinquency
• Analyze the consequences of labeling a group of youth as a gang
• Identify how race, ethnicity, class, gender, and sexuality play a role in gang formation and dynamics
• Recognize the most common societal responses to youth gangs and their consequences