After reading this chapter, you will be able to:

• Explain how scientific theories are generated.
• Demonstrate how scientists test hypotheses.
• Describe the differences between correlational and experimental studies.
• Assess the methods that scientists have for studying the role of brain structures in behavior.
• Compare the methods that scientists use to investigate the structure and function of brain cells.
• Identify the ethical protections that are in place for human participants.
• Summarize the ethical protections that exist for research animals.
• Examine the ethical concerns that have been raised about stem cell and gene therapy research.