1. What does Kotter mean by ‘consolidate improvements’?

1. Reducing costs and expenses required for the change
2. Fostering determination and commitment towards the change effort
3. Improving organisational processes incrementally
4. Adopting a proactive attitude towards change

2. Why is it important to institutionalise new approaches?

1. To make sure that people won’t fall back into old habits
2. To ensure that the institution can develop properly for the future
3. To avoid further changes
4. To release tension and resistanceSection content

3. What is a short-term win?

1. A quarterly increase in revenue
2. A change that lasts only a short time
3. A change that signals positive progress towards the goal
4. A form of employee involvement

4. Force field analysis argues that:

1. Organisations are in a state of equilibrium
2. A state of equilibrium cannot be achieved in organisations
3. A state of equilibrium can only momentarily be achieved
4. A state of equilibrium is the goal to strive for

5. Proactive change efforts are likely to be:

1. Difficult to plan
2. Planned and orderly implemented
3. Facing strong forces for change
4. Subject to important time constraints

6. The guiding coalition should:

1. Possess a sense of urgency
2. Be committed to the change project and possess necessary knowledge
3. Empower others to act on the vision
4. All of the above

7. Involving emotion and values can be done by using:

1. Feel–see–change
2. See–feel–change
3. Change–see–feel
4. Feel–change–see

8. Culture change is often required because:

1. Employers want to treat employees well
2. The new vision implies new priorities and values
3. A formal change requires an adaptation of the culture
4. Otherwise employees would resist the change

9. Resistance to change is mostly attributed to:

1. A low level of tolerance to change
2. Older age of a person
3. The desire not to lose something valuable
4. Preferring old routines

10. HRM practitioners have an important role to play in:

1. Overcoming resistance to change
2. Inspiring change
3. Communicating change
4. All of the above