As a result of reading this chapter, you will be able to:

1.  Describe the early treatment of juveniles and history of our juvenile justice system, which includes houses of refuge, reformatories, and the first juvenile court, created in Illinois

2.  Explain the unique philosophy, principles, and goals underlying the treatment of youthful offenders by the juvenile court system

3.  Discuss the extent of, and theories underlying, juvenile criminality today

4.  Review the process and flow of cases through the juvenile justice system

5.  Discuss whether or not there exists a school-to-prison pipeline, and if so, reasons for and possible solutions to it

6.  Describe the types of secure and nonsecure custodial options that are available to juvenile court judges

7. Elaborate on the problem of-and possible solutions to-youth gangs.

8. Survey the reasons for, and approaches to providing formal aftercare and reentry services for juveniles who are exiting a facility and returning to their homes and neighborhoods

9. Delineate the due process and other major rights of juveniles as set forth by the U.S. Supreme Court