4.1: Understand the general concept of uncertainty, specific types of uncertainty, and when uncertainty is likely to occur.

4.2: Describe the various ways people use communication to reduce uncertainty, both in face-to-face and online contexts.

4.3: Describe how different theories/models explain processes related to uncertainty.

4.4: Understand the ideas and concepts related to expectancy violations theory.

4.5: Explain how expectancy violations function in close relationships.