12.1 Define bootstrapping and illustrate how it applies to entrepreneurs.

12.2 Identify common bootstrapping strategies used by entrepreneurs.

12.3 Explain the difference between crowdsourcing and crowdfunding.

12.4 Describe the effects of crowdfunding on entrepreneurship.

12.5 Define the four contexts for crowdfunding.

12.6 Describe 10 ways in which entrepreneurs can conduct a successful crowdfunding campaign.