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Journal Article 8.1: Rosendorff, P. B., & Sandler, T. (2005). The political economy of transnational terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(2), 171-182.

Abstract: Peter Rosendorff and Todd Sandler discuss the financial consequences of terrorism in the post-9/11 world

Journal Article 8.2: Drakos, K., & Kutan, A. M. (2005). Regional effects of terrorism on tourism in three mediterranean countries. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 47(4), 477-489.

Abstract: The economic growth effects of terrorism have generally been examined in a cross-country framework where socio-economic differences among the countries are ignored. This highly restrictive assumption may result in heterogeneity bias, which could be overcome by resorting to country studies rather than cross-country analysis. Moreover, the relationship between the terrorist incidents and various factors may not be stationary in space. The majority of terrorist incidents in Turkey are concentrated mainly in Eastern, and South Eastern Turkey and big cities. Thus, the geographical dispersion of terrorist incidents in Turkey may result in uneven regional impact, necessitating local parameter estimates. This study analyses the effects of terrorism on economic growth across provinces of Turkey for the time period 1987—2001. Following a traditional global regression analysis, spatial variations in the relationships are examined with geographically weighted regression (GWR) to obtain locally different parameter estimates. A GWR approach allows the modeling of relationships that vary over space by introducing distance-based weights to provide parameter estimates for each variable and each geographical location. Empirical evidence indicates that a GWR model significantly improves the model fitting over the traditional global model. Even though the traditional convergence analysis reveals that terrorism hinders economic growth, GWR results indicate that its provincial effects are more pronounced for the Eastern and South Eastern provinces compared to the Western provinces. Moreover, empirical findings suggest that there is a considerable variation in speeds of convergence of provinces, which cannot be captured by the traditional beta convergence analysis

Journal Article 8.3: Stankiewicz, W. (2005). International terrorism at sea as a Menace to the civilization of the 21^st century. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(6), 683-699.

Abstract: This article posits that the menace of terrorism at sea has traditionally been overlooked, especially since the events of September 11 in New York that were perpetrated by air. Beginning with a general discussion of what motivates a terrorist and the different kinds of terrorism, the article then moves on to maritime terrorism and piracy and their legal and practical distinctions. The Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation of 1988, which made great strides in detailing and codifying terrorism at sea, is discussed, as well as the role of the UN International Maritime Organization in combating terrorism at sea. Finally, the article sums up the current state of affairs and what still remains to be accomplished to effectively battle international maritime terrorism, which the author sees as the world’s next great threat.

Journal Article 8.4: Li, Q. (2005). Does democracy promote or reduce transnational terrorist incidents? Journal of Conflict Resolution, 49(2), 278-297.

Abstract: This article studies the various mechanisms by which democracy affects transnational terrorism. New theoretical mechanisms are identified that either complement or encompass existing arguments. Different effects of democracy on transnational terrorism are assessed for a sample of about 119 countries from 1975 to 1997. Results show that democratic participation reduces transnational terrorist incidents in a country, while government constraints increase the number of those incidents, subsuming the effect of press freedom. The proportional representation system experiences fewer transnational terrorist incidents than either the majoritarian or the mixed system.

Additional Articles

• Bibes, P. (2001, August). Transnational organized crime and terrorism: Colombia, a case study. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 17(3), 243-258.

• Glickman, H. (2003, June). Africa in the war on terrorism. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 38(2-3), 162-174.