Learning Objectives

  • Identify situations in which, based on the levels of measurement of the independent and dependent variables, analysis of variance is appropriate.
  • Explain between-and within-group variances and how they can be compared to make a judgment about the presence or absence of group effects.
  • Explain the F statistic conceptually.
  • Explain what the null and alternative hypotheses predict.
  • Use raw data to solve equations and conduct five-step hypothesis tests.
  • Explain measures of association and why they are necessary.
  • Use SPSS to run analysis of variance and interpret the output.