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Dodge, M., Bosick, S. J., and Van Antwerp, V. (August 2013). Do Men and Women Perceive White-Collar Crime Differently? Exploring Gender Difference in the Perception of Seriousness, Motives, and Punishments. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 29(3). 399-415.

http://ccj.sagepub.com/content/29/3/399.full.pdf+html

This article discusses the perceptions of white-collar crime with a focus on gender. The authors utilized scenarios involved white-collar and street crimes committed by male and female offenders and then rated the behavior on seriousness, harshness of punishment, and offender motivation (i.e., greed and stress). The results support previously observed patterns showing that citizens see white-collar crime as a serious societal problem. Ponzi schemes are seen as more serious than the three street crimes. The findings also show differences between male and female respondents on the issues of offense seriousness, punishment, and offender motivation, but attitudes toward offenders’ gender are more ambiguous.

1. Why do white-collar crimes fail to provoke the same levels of concern and outrage as other types of crime?
2. What are the demographic influences on individual’s behavior?

Learning Objective(s): Explain the difference between white collar and other crimes

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Reyns, B. W. (May 2013). Online Routines and Identity Theft Victimization: Further Expanding Routine Activity Theory Beyond Direct-Contact Offenses. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 50(2). 216-238. 

http://jrc.sagepub.com/content/50/2/216.full.pdf+html

The authors extend recent work aimed at applying routine activity theory to crimes in which the victim and offender never come into physical proximity. The author examines relationships between individuals’ online routines and identity theft victimization and finds that individuals who use the Internet for banking and/or e-mailing/instant messaging are about 50 percent more likely to be victims of identity theft than others. Similarly, online shopping and downloading behaviors increased victimization risk by about 30 percent.

1. What does the Routine Activity Theory posit?
2. What are the key differences between identity theft and identity fraud?
3. How has technology created new opportunities for crime and victimization?

Learning Objective(s): Explain the difference between white collar and other crimes; list examples of computer crime