After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

• Evaluate the contributions of behavioral neuroscience to our understanding of the brain processes that underlie motivation and learning.
• Appraise the merits of cognitive neuroscience in revealing associations between localized brain activity and cognitive processes such as memory and attention.
• Assess the potential for affective neuroscience to contribute to the fields of clinical and health psychology.
• Critique the various scenarios that philosophers of science have envisioned for the future of neuroscience and psychology.