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Article 1: Terlato, V. (April 2001). The Analysis of Defense Mechanisms in the Transactional Analysis Setting. Transactional analysis journal, 31(2), 103-113

Abstract: In this article the author examines the recognized meaning of defense mechanisms in transactional analysis theory. In particular, it stresses that in Berne's model and its later developments, clinical attention has focused primarily on the consequences produced by defense mechanisms, while analysis of the intrapsychic processes implied in the manifestation of a defensive behavior remains marginal. A possible explanation for this is suggested with reference to Berne's theory of ego states, and the clinical implications of this orientation of Berne's theory are considered.
 

Article 2: Roseborough, D.J. (March 2006). Psychodynamic Psychotherapy: An Effectiveness Study. Research on social work practice, 16(2), 166-175.

Abstract:

Objective: Both the National Institute of Mental Health and the American Psychological Association have called upon psychodynamic practitioners to start demonstrating their outcomes. This effectiveness study attempted to begin to answer these calls.

Method: The study was a secondary analysis of data from a multidisciplinary, psychodynamic mental health clinic. It used a single-group, within-subjects longitudinal design. The psychometrically validated Outcome Questionnaire was used as a measure of change. A linear mixed and random effects model was used to analyze the data. The aims of this study were (a) to look at whether patients improve and (b) if so, at what variables moderate outcome.

Results: Findings suggest that psychodynamic treatment, provided within this practice configuration, is effective over time, producing moderate effect sizes, and points to the particular importance of the first 3 months.

Conclusions: Findings suggest a common course of recovery, with some between-group variability.