Learning Objectives

Chapter 9

  • Cite evidence to show that stress experienced early in life is associated with later mental and physical health.
  • Evaluate in what respects social pain is like physical pain.
  • Summarize the five important levels our physiological reactions to stress and trauma occur.
  • Devise an example of how trauma can lead to epigenetic changes.
  • There is evidence that the immune system is influenced by the brain and vice versa. Invent an example where the brain influences the immune system. Invent an example where the immune system influences the brain.
  • List the two pathways of the stress response that we have. Describe some of the effects of the stress response for psychopathology.
  • State the functions and structure of the ANS.
  • Compare the tend-and-befriend response with the fight-or-flight response.
  • Predict whether social stress produces a similar reaction to physical stress. Explain what factors you would cite in support of your answer.
  • When a negative event occurs, formulate what criteria you would use to distinguish between a normal emotional reaction and an adjustment disorder.
  • Identify the five categories of clinical symptoms that describe acute stress disorder.
  • PTSD results from an experienced threat. Describe some of the common stressors.
  • Assess how specific areas of the brain involved are in PTSD.
  • State the most effective therapies for PTSD. Give three examples, and explain the focus of each related to treating PTSD.