12.1 Discuss why violent crime has dropped over the centuries.

12.2 Identify the various types of murder and its victims and perpetrators.

12.3 Explain differences between mass, spree, and serial killers.

12.4 Define the basic elements of rape, robbery, aggravated assault, and gun violence.

12.5 Evaluate the sociological, evolutionary, and neuroscience theories of violence and their common lessons.