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Journal Article 1: Korotayev, A. V., Issaev, L. M., & Shishkina, A. R. (2015). Female labor force participation rate, islam, and arab culture in cross-cultural perspective. Cross-Cultural Research, 49, 3–19.

Abstract: Burton and Reitz suggested that Islam should tend to decrease the levels of female labor force participation rate, because “societies that seclude their women by means of purdah or similar customs will have lower rates of female participation in activities outside of the immediate household.” Our cross-cultural tests have supported this hypothesis. However, a closer analysis shows that a high correlation is predicted mostly by the “Arab factor,” rather than by the precisely Islamic one, as a country’s belonging to the Arab world turns out to be a much stronger predictor of very low female labor participation rates than the percentage of Muslims in its population. These relationships hold even after controlling for other factors known to be related to female labor participation. This suggests that the anomalously low level of female labor participation observed in the Near and Middle East might be connected with certain elements of Arab culture that are not directly connected with Islam.

Discussion Questions:

1. What sampling technique was used in the study? How do you think this choice affected the validity of the study?
2. Is the research question asked in this study predictive or descriptive?
3. List the dependent variables included in this study and indicate which were predictor and outcome variables.
4. In what ways did the researchers use correlations to answer their research question?
5. Describe a study that would test causal factors for topic of the study. How feasible would it be to ethically conduct this study?

Journal Article 2: Valtchanov, B. L., Parry, D. C., Glover, T. D., & Mulcahy, C. M. (2014). Neighborhood at your fingertips: Transforming community online through a Canadian social networking site for mothers. Gender, Technology, and Development, 18, 187–217.

Abstract: Local geographical communities have changed significantly in the last several decades due to a number of cultural factors, including women’s increased participation in the paid workforce and growing rates of single parenthood. Changing communities have resulted in increased social isolation for mothers raising young children, which often means a lack of vital social support, particularly from other mothers. The current research addresses this contemporary challenge by exploring the role of a Canadian social networking site for mothers, namely, Momstown.ca, in providing online social support to mothers. In particular, the study focuses on how the dynamic possibilities of technology mediate the experience of motherhood. Our research demonstrates that a social networking site, which facilitated a technologically mediated motherhood, enabled women to combat their social isolation through the creation of an accessible and supportive online community of mothers. The distinctive ease, convenience, and speed of online connectivity, combined with the respectfulness cultivated within this particular online community, facilitated mothers’ access to essential peer support in the forms of emotional sustenance, “appraisal assistance,” and informational resources. Mothers’ engagement with this online community was ultimately an empowering experience that speaks of the transformative possibilities of cyberfeminism.

Discussion Questions:

1. What sampling technique was used in the study? How do you think this choice affected the validity of the study?
2. Is the research question asked in this study predictive or descriptive?
3. List the dependent variables included in this study and indicate which were predictor and outcome variables.
4. In what ways did the researchers use correlations to answer their research question?
5. Describe a study that would test causal factors for topic of the study. How feasible would it be to ethically conduct this study?