These lively and stimulating ideas for use in and out of class reinforce active learning. The activities apply to individual or group projects.

1. A drawback to both opportunistic bias and HARKing is that these approaches make the results seem more reliable than they are. When we replicate a study, we repeat it. How is replication an important tool in “setting the record straight” about the results of such studies?
    
2. Open-ended questions, even short ones (e.g., “Explain what factors influenced your answer”), can be useful in creating a richer picture of participants’ reactions than if only close-ended questions (i.e., with choices specified) are used. How do you analyze these open-ended data? How could you use them in your Discussion as examples?