By the end of this chapter, you will be able to do the following:

5.1 Explain why a large sample size is only sometimes the best option.

5.2 Choose the appropriate effect size in conducting power analysis.

5.3 Determine an appropriate a priori Type I error (i.e., α) rate for hypothesis testing.

5.4 Use IP analysis to evaluate if your study participants are who you think they are.

5.5 Combine the data you collect with data from existing databases.

5.6 Recommend best practices for working with archival databases.

5.7 Implement a response rate validity framework to assess the appropriateness of your study’s response rate.

5.8 Manage the publication bias and the file drawer problem.