After finishing this chapter, you should be able to:

• Define civil war and terrorism.
• Identify the causes and consequences of civil war.
• Examine civil war’s causes and consequences in some recent cases.
• Understand how terrorist actors use communication and information technology.
• Identify some prominent explanations of terrorism.
• Articulate the ways in which international interactions shape, and are shaped by, civil war and terrorism.
• Discuss how international actors respond to civil war and terrorism, including through peacekeeping, peacebuilding, counterinsurgency, and counterterrorism.
• Consider the risks of cyberattacks and the ways in which information and communications technology may be harnessed to launch computer-based attacks.