After finishing this chapter, you should be able to:

• Distinguish between measures of poverty such as GDP PPP, HDI, SDGs, and GINI.
• Contrast competing explanations for why some countries are poor.
• Describe different theories of what poor countries should do.
• Adjudicate between opposing arguments on foreign aid.
• Understand recent innovations in the study of poverty, including cash transfers and the use of experiments to study development interventions.