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Learning Objectives

7-1:  Compare and contrast the underlying tenets of both traditional and community-based styles of policing.

7-2:  Describe the strategies associated with Problem-Oriented Policing.

7-3:  Evaluate, based on research, the effectiveness of community-based policing and problem-oriented policing.

7-4:  Debate the criticisms of community policing.

7-5:  Discuss recent innovations in police information, resources, environment, organization, and process.

7-6:  Select the form of policing you believe to be the most effective and justify your response with empirical evidence.

Article 1
Hickman, Matthew J., Jack R. Greene, Brian A. Lawton, Alex R. Piquero (2000). Assessing the Interrelationships Between Perceptions of Impact and Job Satisfaction. Justice Research and Policy 2(1) 47-72.

The relationship between officer involvement in community policing and job satisfaction is poorly understood and in need of greater empirical articulation. Using data collected as part of a federally funded community policing program in Philadelphia, this article analyzes the relationships between assignment to a traditional or community policing role, officer perceptions of impact, and three dimensions of job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling is used to explore the causal relationships between these constructs. A series of structural models suggest that, in general, the path leading to job satisfaction is very similar for traditional and community-oriented police officers. In addition, the results suggest that perceived job impact is largely determined by job satisfaction such that officers who are more satisfied with their job are more likely to perceive that they are having an impact, a finding that was invariant across officer patrol type (motorized or community). The implications for improved service delivery through assignment to community policing roles are discussed.

1. How do officers’ job satisfaction rating compare between community-oriented policing and traditional policing methods?
2. What is the relationship between job satisfaction and perceived job impact?

Article 2
Alach, Zhivan (2011). How Intelligence-Led Policing Has Repackaged Common Sense as Transcendental Truth. The Police Journal, 78 75-97. doi: 10.1358/pojo.2011.84.1.523

In the past decade or so, the concept of Intelligence-Led Policing, often shortened to ILP, has been a dominant element in academic discourses about policing. Police forces around the world, partly motivated by concerns about terrorism since 9/11, have taken on many of the tenets of ILP, buying equipment, hiring staff, and designing organisations to take best advantage of what are seen as potentially revolutionary gains in effectiveness and efficiency. This article examines both the novelty and the utility of ILP, noting that there are serious questions about both aspects. It then considers why ILP has succeeded in gaining so many adherents, using theoretical insights from the literature on management fashions. Finally, the article offers several enhancements to ILP.

1. How is ILP used as a tool in policing?
2. What are its effects thus far?
3. How can it be enhanced?