These short-answer review questions cover key themes and learning objectives within each chapter.

1. In your own words, describe the “Almond–Lippmann consensus” regarding public opinion and U.S. foreign policy. What challenges to this model exist?

2. Does public opinion constrain foreign policy decision-making? Use examples to support your response.

3. What does it mean for the public to act in “mood swings” regarding their opinions about U.S. foreign policy? How does pragmatism differ from this concept?