After reading this chapter, you will be able to:

4.1 Outline the controversies surrounding civil liberties and the need to ensure a safe and orderly society

4.2 List the civil liberties protected by the Constitution and amendments to it

4.3 Trace the history of incorporating the Bill of Rights in order to restrict state governmental actions

4.4 Discuss the challenges to constitutional law posed by the establishment and free exercise clauses of the First Amendment

4.5 Assess the special protections of political speech and press affirmed in the First Amendment as well as restrictions subsequently placed upon those protections

4.6 Summarize the protections placed within the Bill of Rights for those accused of, investigated for, tried for, and convicted of crimes

4.7 Discuss the Supreme Court’s affirmation of the right to privacy