After reading this chapter, you will be able to:

13.1 Describe the powers of the presidency as defined in the Constitution, the tensions inherent in those descriptions, and constitutional limitations on presidential power

13.2 Evaluate how presidents have tested the limits of the power of the office during wartime and national crises

13.3 Appraise the impact of individual presidencies in establishing the powers of the office

13.4 Discuss institutional and informal sources of presidential power