Discussion Question #1

Define assessment. Define observation. Why do we assess students? Explain the four tools used to document progress monitoring. What are the different roles and responsibilities of teachers during the assessment of students? How has legislation created protections for students being assessed?

Discussion Question #2

What features of assessment are incorporated when assessing students with special needs? Define reliability. Define validity. Discuss the aspects of each. Elaborate on the different ways norm-referenced tests can report results. What are the different types of tests or assessments used for? Explain how they benefit students with special needs. What other ways can information on students be obtained (other than test or assessments)? (McLoughlin & Lewis, 2008; Taylor, 2008; Miller, Linn, & Gronlund, 2013)

Discussion Question #3

How do we adapt and modify assessments for students with special needs? In what ways has universal design for assessment made tests more accessible to all students? Parental involvement is a critical aspect during assessment, as it is in general. Explain the roles and responsibilities of parents (guardians). What are the adaptation categories, and how do they make adjustments that help students with special needs? Discuss how the Common Core Curriculum Standards affect assessment. If students qualify for alternative assessments, what options do they have? (Smith & Tyler, 2010; Thompson, Johnstone, & Thurlow, 2002; Hammill, Brown, & Bryant, 1992; PARCC, 2013; National Governors Association Center for Best Practices & Council of Chief State School Officers, 2010; NCOE, n.d.)