4.1 What is the relationship between systemic racism and institutional power?

4.2 What are some current examples of institutional racism in the political system in the United States?

4.3 What are some examples of institutional racism in U.S. government agencies today?

4.4 How do both past-in-present and current institutional racism work to maintain economic disparities among racial groups in the United States?

4.5 How does side-effect discrimination affect racial inequality in education?

4.6 Why do Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, when considered as one racial group, have higher education levels and incomes than other racial groups?