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Osborn, T. (2014). Women state legislators and representation: The role of political parties and institutions. State and Local Government Review, 46, 146–155.

Learning Objectives:
12-3: Discuss the revival of partisanship over the last two decades and how modern parties are structured
12-4: Assess modern parties’ influence and effectiveness as a vehicle for politicians and voters to act collectively within the established institutional framework.

Nownes, A. J. (2012). An experimental investigation of the effects of celebrity support for political parties in the United States. American Politics Research, 40, 476–500.

Learning Objectives:
12-3: Discuss the revival of partisanship over the last two decades and how modern parties are structured
12-4: Assess modern parties’ influence and effectiveness as a vehicle for politicians and voters to act collectively within the established institutional framework.

Oliver, W. M., & Marion, N. E. (2008). Political party platforms: Symbolic politics and criminal justice policy. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 19, 397–413.

Learning Objectives:
12-1: Describe the origins of political parties and their basic features
12-2: Summarize the development and the evolution of the party systems.

McCutcheon, C. (2014). Future of the GOP. CQ Researcher, 24, 889–912.

Learning Objective:
12-4: Assess modern parties’ influence and effectiveness as a vehicle for politicians and voters to act collectively within the established institutional framework