After studying this chapter, you will be able to do the following:

1. Explain the central ideas that define democratic socialism.
2. Summarize the roots that help shape the evolution of democratic socialism.
3. Critique the strengths and weaknesses of democratic socialism.
4. Describe the main ideas of communism.
5. Summarize the sources of communism.
6. Critique the strengths and weaknesses of communism.
7. Assess the recent changes in democratic socialism and communism throughout the world.