After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

13.1 Describe how to begin exploring the relationship between categorical variables.

13.2 Describe the shapes or types of bivariate relationships.

13.3 Explain how to construct and interpret bivariate contingency tables.

13.4 Understand how measures of association measure the strength of relationships between variables.

13.5 Understand how to choose an appropriate measure of association.

13.6 Introduce the chi-square statistic to test hypotheses involving categorical data.

13.7 Explain how to interpret contingency tables once a third (control) variable is introduced.

13.8 Describe the analysis of the difference between means for more than two means.