Click on the following links. Please note these will open in a new window.

SAGE Journal User Guide

Williamson, D. (2002). Forward from a critique of Hofstede’s model of national culture. Human Relations, 55(11), 1373-1395.

Discussion Questions:

1. What criticisms of Hofstede’s research does the author present?
2. What cautions about the Hofstede data does the author present?

Hsu, S. Y, Woodside, A. G, & Marshall, R. (2013). Critical tests of multiple theories of cultures’ consequences: Comparing the usefulness of models by Hofstede, Inglehart and Baker, Schwartz, Steenkamp, as well as GDP and Distance for Explaining Overseas Tourism Behavior. Journal of Travel Research, 52(6), 679-704.

Discussion Questions:

1. How do models of culture compare?
2. How are such comparisons useful?

Fischer, R, Vauclair, C. M, Fontaine, J. R., & Schwartz, S. (2010). Are individual-level and country-level value structures different? Testing Hofstede’s legacy with the Schwartz value survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 41(2), 135-151.

Discussion Questions:

1. How are Hofstede’s dimensions applicable to various countries?
2. What are some challenges in applying Hofstede’s model?

Merritt, A., (2000). Culture in the cockpit: Do Hofstede’s dimensions replicate? Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(3), 283-301.

Discussion Questions:

1. What relationships between national airline pilots and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions did this author identify?
2. How does this study support Hofstede’s concept of national cultures and cultural dimensions?

Schmid, H. & Klimmt, C. (2011). A magically nice guy: Parasocial relationships with Harry Potter across different cultures. International Communication Gazette, 73(3), 252-269. 

Discussion Questions:

1. What is meant by the term parasocial relationships?
2. What differences did the authors find between Mexican and German audiences?
3. Why were the authors not able to find differences based on the Hofstede dimensions?