After reading this chapter you will be able to:

• Identify the evidence collected by investigators in the BP gas station robbery and discuss its role in the identification and apprehension of the perpetrator.
• Identify the difference between primary and secondary witnesses and give an example of each.
• Identify and discuss the methods of eyewitness identifications.
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using facial identification software and forensic sketches to create composite pictures of suspects.
• Discuss the value of eyewitness identifications in establishing proof.
• Identify the three phases of human memory and discuss how factors at each phase may affect the retrieval of information from witnesses.
• Identify and discuss the rationale of the recommended lineup procedures.
• Discuss the research that has been conducted on the accuracy of hypnotically elicited testimony.
• Compare and contrast the cognitive interviewing approach with standard police interviews.
• Discuss the contributions of cognitive interviewing in enhancing memory recall.