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Journal Article 7.1: King, L., & Snook, B. (2009, July). Peering inside a Canadian interrogation room: An examination of the Reid model of interrogation, influence tactics, and coercive strategies. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36(7), 674-694.

Abstract: This study sought to shed light on the interrogation process through analysis of 44 video-recorded police interrogations of suspects in criminal cases. Results showed that, on average, interrogators used 34% of the components composing the nine step Reid model of interrogation. Approximately 27% of the interrogations met Leo’s criteria for a coercive interrogation; minimization tactics were observed slightly more than maximization tactics; and most interrogations followed the guidelines, suggestions, and themes endorsed by Inbau, Reid, Buckley, and Jayne. In addition, confessions were positively associated with the proportion of core Reid components, the number of influence tactics, and the number of coercive strategies observed. Confessions were not associated with the number of discouraged denials but were positively associated with the number of alternative questions provided. The implications of these findings for interrogation practices and research are discussed.

Journal Article 7.2: Colwell, L. H., Miller, H. A., Lyons, P. M., & Miller, R. S. (2006, September). The training of law enforcement officers in detecting deception: A survey of current practices and suggestions for improving accuracy. Police Quarterly, 9(3), 275-290.

Abstract: The current study surveyed a random sample of Texas law enforcement officers (N = 109) about their training in detecting deception. Texas officers reported that their training entailed the equivalent of a 2-day, lecture-style workshop in the kinesic interview technique or Reid technique, two popular police training modules, with subsequent training more often the exception than the rule. The authors examine these results in light of previous social science research regarding officers’ accuracy in detecting deception and make suggestions for future training programs for police officers in this area.