After reading this chapter you will be able to:

• Discuss the investigation of the death of Stanley Van Wagner. Identify the most significant evidence in the case and the reasons why Amy Van Wagner was found guilty in the trial.
• Differentiate between judicial evidence and extrajudicial evidence and between exculpatory evidence and inculpatory evidence.
• Explain the various levels or standards of proof.
• Compare direct evidence with indirect evidence and give an example of each.
• Identify the various forms of circumstantial evidence.
• Define testimonial evidence, real evidence, documentary evidence, and demonstrative evidence.
• Discuss the reasons for the hearsay rule and the exceptions to it.
• Compare the role of lay witnesses with that of expert witnesses.
• Provide examples of corpus delicti evidence, corroborative evidence, cumulative evidence, associative evidence, identification evidence, and behavioral evidence.