Learning Objectives
A brief introduction to probability
6-1: Define probability both conceptually and mathematically.
6-2: Understand why probability is important to researchers.
6-3: Understand the addition rule of probability.
6-4: Understand the relationship between sampling error and probability.
6-5: Understand how probability can be applied to distributions.
6-6: Understand the differences between normal distributions and binomial distributions.
Introduction to hypothesis testing
6-7: List the main steps in hypothesis testing.
6-8: Understand the differences between research hypotheses and statistical hypotheses.
6-9: Define the null and alternative hypotheses.
6-10: List the main steps in making the decision about the null hypothesis.
6-11: Understand the difference between the regions of rejection and non-rejection.
Issues related to hypothesis testing: An introduction
6-12: Understand why we say a research hypothesis has been “supported” rather than “proved”.
6-13: Identify the two types of errors that can be made regarding the two statistical hypotheses.
6-14: Understand how three factors (sample size, alpha, directionality of the alternative hypothesis) affect the decision made about the null hypothesis.
6-15: Understand the difference between a directional (one-tailed) and a non-directional (two-tailed) alternative hypothesis.