1. Describe the history of sentencing in the United States.

2. Know the factors to consider in determining whether a penalty constitutes criminal punishment.

3. List the purposes of punishment.

4. Know the various types of punishment.

5. Describe the different approaches to sentencing offenders.

6. State the judicial sentencing process.

7. Know about sentencing guidelines.

8. Explain determinate sentences and mandatory minimum sentences.

9. Know the significance of the Eighth Amendment prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.

10. State how the prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment limits methods of punishment.

11. Know the law on cruel and unusual punishment and the death penalty.

12. Specify how the Eighth Amendment limits sentences for a term of years.

13. Appreciate the law on life imprisonment withoutparole for juveniles.

14. Know the relationship between equal protection and criminal sentences.

15. List the issues that typically are raised in appealing a felony conviction.

16. Know the significance of habeas corpus and how an inmate brings a petition for habeas corpus.