12.1.1 Define memory and its functions.
12.1.2 Describe the stages of memory.
12.1.3 Name and describe the registers of memory.
12.1.4 Identify the brain area thought to be most involved in working memory as well as a task used to assess it.
12.2.1 Describe and differentiate between the forms of long-term memory.
12.2.2 Identify the brain areas associated with different types of long-term memory.
12.3.1 Define memory consolidation and describe its proposed neurobiological mechanisms.
12.3.2 Describe the main theories of memory consolidation and differentiate between them.
12.4.1 Define spatial memory and explain how the hippocampus is involved in processing spatial information.
12.4.2 Describe the different types of cells involved in processing spatial information.
12.4.3 Explain how the role of the hippocampus and associated areas in spatial and nonspatial memory can be differentiated.
12.5.1 Define learning and explain the different ways in which learning can occur.
12.5.2 Describe nonassociative learning and its neurobiological basis.
12.5.3 Describe associative learning and its neurobiological basis.
12.5.4 Describe synaptic plasticity and its relevance to learning.