9.1.1 Define and explain motivation.
9.1.2 Describe need reduction theory and how it involves homeostasis.
9.1.3 Describe arousal theory and how it is related to personality and performance.
9.1.4 Describe the different theories aimed at explaining the neurobiological basis of reward.
9.2.1 Explain how organisms regulate their body temperatures.
9.2.2 Explain the mechanisms that underlie hunger and satiety.
9.3.1 Know how sleep is studied as well as how it is subdivided into stages.
9.3.2 Explain how sleep is regulated by homeostatic and circadian processes.
9.3.3 Explain how brain areas and neurotransmitters interact in wakefulness and sleep.