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Article 1

Chen, F., & Short, S. E. (2008, October). Household context and subjective well-being among the oldest old in china. Journal of Family Issues, 29(10), 1379–1403.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.

Article 2

McBrier, D., & Wilson, G. (2004, August). Going down?: Race and downward occupational mobility for white-collar workers in the 1990s. Work and Occupations, 31(3), 283–322.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.

Article 3

Edwards, L. M., Fehring, R. J., Jarrett, K. M., & Haglund, K. A. (2008). The influence of religiosity, gender, and language preference acculturation on sexual activity among Latino/a adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30(4), 447–462.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.

Article 4

Maimon, D., Browning, C. R., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2010). Collective efficacy, family attachment, and urban adolescent suicide attempts. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(3), 307–324.

• How are statistics used to corroborate theory in this article? How is the theory used to guide statistical methods?
• How does the theory used for this study add to the validity and science of the study?
• If no theory were used as a foundation for this study, would the statistical findings still be valid and reliable or would they lack meaning?

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Article 1

Joseph, J., & Pearson, P. G. (2002). Black youths and illegal drugs. Journal of Black Studies, 29(1), 422–438.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.

Article 2

Venturelli, P. J. (2000). Drugs in schools: Myths and realities. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 567(1), 72–87.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.

Article 3

Hagan, J. M. (2004). Contextualizing immigrant labor market incorporation: Legal, demographic, and economic dimensions. Work and Occupations, 31(4), 407–423.

• Review table 1 from the Hagan article above. Does the table identify the total number of cases? Are frequencies reported along with percentages? Why or why not? Review the interpretation of the table offered by the authors.

Article 4

Boardman, J. D., Blalock, C. L., & Pampel, F. C. (2010). Trends in the genetic influences on smoking. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 108–123.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.
• Review the first two figures included in the Boardman et al. article. Identify what type of figure is presented, and briefly explain what each figure reports.

Article 5

Akushevich, I., Kravchenko, J., Ukraintseva, S., Arbeev, K., & Yashin, A. I. (2012). Circulatory diseases in the U.S. elderly in the linked National Long-Term Care Survey-Medicare Database: Population-based analysis of incidence, comorbidity, and disability. Research on Aging, 35(4), 437–458.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.
• Review the figure 1 included in the Akushevich et al. article. Identify what type of figure is presented, and briefly explain what type of data is reported.

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Article 1

McBrier, D., & Wilson, G. (2004, August). Going down?: Race and downward occupational mobility for white-collar workers in the 1990s. Work and Occupations, 31(3), 283–322.

• Describe the sample in terms of the means of the following variables: Mother’s Education; Job Commitment; Seniority and Hours worked.
• What can you say about the differences between African Americans and white respondents?

Article 2

Handel, M. (2005, February). Trends in perceived job quality, 1989 to 1998. Work and Occupations, 32(1), 66–94.

• Consider Figure 1 on p.69 of the Handel article. Describe the change in real hourly wages between 1947 and 2000. What socio-political factors might account for the varying trends in mean hourly wage?
• Based on the means presented by Handel on p.77, Table 2, discuss changes in perceived job quality of American workers between 1989 and 1998.

Article 3

Allison, C. J., Bartholomew, K., Mayseless, O., & Dutton, D. G. (2008). Love as a battlefield: Attachment and relationship dynamics in couples identified for male partner violence. Journal of Family Issues, 29(1), 125–150.

• Examine the measures of central tendency on page 131. Create a normal distribution curve for each. Is the data for males skewed or symmetrical (normal)? Is the data for females skewed or symmetrical (normal)?
• How did the authors measure the concepts used in their statistical analysis? What level of measurement were the variables used?

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Haynie, D. L., & Armstrong, D. P. (2006). Race and gender-disaggregated homicide offending rates: Differences and similarities by victim-offender relations across cities. Homicide Studies, 10(1), 3–32.

• Consider the authors’ discussion of standard deviation on p.20.What can you say about the relationship between increasing income variance and predicted homicide rates among both white and black females? For which population is the association stronger?

Article 2

Ramirez-Valles, J., Kuhns, L. M., Campbell, R. T., & Diaz, R. M. (2010). Social integration and health: Community involvement, stigmatized identities, and sexual risk in Latino sexual minorities. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 30–47.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.

Article 3

Haas, S. A., Schaefer, D. R., & Kornienko, O. (2010). Health and the structure of adolescent social networks. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(4), 424–439.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.

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Article 1

Ramirez-Valles, J., Kuhns, L. M., Campbell, R. T., & Diaz, R. M.(2010). Social integration and health: Community involvement, stigmatized identities, and sexual risk in Latino sexual minorities. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 30–47.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.
• Examine the table on page 36. According to the data presented in this table, describe the characteristics of the distribution for each demographic category (age, education, employment, etc.)

Article 2

Ueno, K. (2010). Mental health differences between young adults with and without same-sex contact: A simultaneous examination of underlying mechanisms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(4), 391–407.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.
• Examine the table on page 398. Describe the age distribution for each sample. Does the distribution appear to be normal?

Article 3

Skaburskis, A. (2012). Gentrification and Toronto’s changing household characteristics and income distribution. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 32(2), 191–203.

• Describe Skaburskis’ argument.
• Consider Skaburskis’ discussion of income distribution on pg.197. In general, do social scientists regard income as a normally distributed variable? Why or why not?

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Article 1

Ueno, K. (2010). Mental health differences between young adults with and without same-sex contact: A simultaneous examination of underlying mechanisms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(4), 391–407.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by Ueno.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic in Euno’s article.
• How did Ueno use probability as a part of this research?

Article 2

Ramirez-Valles, J., Kuhns, L. M., Campbell, R. T., & Diaz, R. M. (2010). Social integration and health: Community involvement, stigmatized identities, and sexual risk in Latino sexual minorities. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 30–47.

• What type of sampling method did the authors use to determine their sample?

Article 3

Mollburn, S., & Morningstar, E. (2009). Investigating the relationship between teenage childbearing and psychological distress using longitudinal evidence. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(3), 310–326.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.
• Describe the sampling technique used in the Mollburn et al.’s article. What kind of sampling method did the original researchers use? Why?

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Boardman, J. D., Blalock, C. L., & Pampel, F. C. (2010). Trends in the genetic influences on smoking. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 108–123.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.
• How might a change in sample size affect the confidence with which the authors construct their estimates?

Article 2

Lee, J. (2008). A Kotex and a Smile: Mothers and daughters at menarche. Journal of Family Issues, 29(10), 1325–1347.

• Review the sample description on pages 1328–1329 of the Lee article, and describe the sample. What is the sample size?
• Is it a random sample?
• What are the important attributes of the participants described by the researcher? (age, race, etc.)

Article 3

Stacey, M., Carbone-Lopez, K., & Rosenfeld, R. (2011). Demographic change and ethnically motivated crime: The impact of immigration on anti-Hispanic hate crime in the United States. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 27(3), 278–298.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic.
• How might the authors’ conclusions change if more data were included in the sample?

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Article 1

McBrier, D., & Wilson, G. (2004, August). Going down?: Race and downward occupational mobility for white-collar workers in the 1990s. Work and Occupations, 31(3), 283–322.

• Review the assumptions made for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• Review the null hypothesis for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• How are final statistics (t-obtained, chi-square obtained, or F obtained) reported in the article?
• Based on the table or summary of final statistics, what conclusions do the authors make? Do they find support for their original hypothesis?

Article 2

Bronte-Tinkew, J., Moore, K. A., & Carrano, J. (2006). The father-child relationship, parenting styles, and adolescent risk behaviors in intact families. Journal of Family Issues, 27(6), 850–881.

• Review the assumptions made for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• Review the null hypothesis for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• How are final statistics (t-obtained, chi-square obtained, or F obtained) reported in the article?
• Based on the table or summary of final statistics, what conclusions do the authors make? Do they find support for their original hypothesis?

Article 3

Jones, R. E., & Rainey, S. A. (2006). Examining linkages between race, environmental concern, health and justice in a highly polluted community of color. Journal of Black Studies, 36(4): 473–496.

• The above article was featured in the last section of Chapter 9 (“Reading the Research Literature: Reporting the Results of Statistical Hypothesis Testing”). Read the complete article for more information on Jones and Rainey’s research. What other analyses did the researchers conduct?

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Article 1

McBrier, D., & Wilson, G. (2004, August). Going down? Race and downward occupational mobility for white-collar workers in the 1990s. Work and Occupations, 31(3), 283–322.

• Review Table 3, p.301. What conclusions can you draw about downward mobility of African Americans and white workers in 1990? (Use percentages.)

Article 2

Phillips, T., & Smith, P. (2004, December). Emotional and behavioural responses to everyday incivility: Challenging the fear/avoidance paradigm. Journal of Sociology, 40(4), 378–399.

• How do people feel and how do they react when confronted with an uncivil action by a stranger in a common-place situation? Discuss this question based on the evidence presented in Phillips and Smith in Tables 2 through 4. Use percentage comparison in your discussion.

Article 3

Hill, T. D., Kaplan, L. M., French, M. T., & Johnson, R. J. (2010). Victimization in early life and mental health in adulthood: An examination of the mediating and moderating influences of psychological resources. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), 48–63.

• How did the authors of the following article test for multicollinearity?
• What intervening variables did they use to test for interaction effects?
• This article is unique in that it contains an end section on how the findings can be specifically applied to public policy. What is the importance of having this section in this particular article? How can it be used to inform public policy?

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Article 1

Frisco, M. L., Houle, J. N., & Martin, M. A. (2010). The image in the mirror and the number on the scale: Weight perceptions, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(2), 215–228.

• Review the assumptions made for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• Review the null hypothesis for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• How are final statistics (t-obtained, chi-square obtained, or F obtained) reported in the article?
• Based on the table or summary of final statistics, what conclusions do the authors make? Do they find support for their original hypothesis?

Article 2

Levesque, L. M., Caron, S. L. (2004, September). Dating preferences of women born between 1945 and 1960. Journal of Family Issues, 25(6), 833–846.

• Review the assumptions made for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• Review the null hypothesis for each inferential test (based on the information in this chapter).
• How are final statistics (t-obtained, chi-square obtained, or F obtained) reported in the article?
• Based on the table or summary of final statistics, what conclusions do the authors make? Do they find support for their original hypothesis?

Article 3

Leite, R. W., & McKenry, P. C. (2002). Aspects of father status and postdivorce involvement with children. Journal of Family Issues, 23(5), 601–623.

• Identify the basic research question as stated by the authors.
• Identify a dependent variable and an independent variable in each article.
• Identify the level of measurement of each.
• Find an example of a descriptive and an inferential statistic in each article.
• This article has PRE measures that you may not be familiar with. Nevertheless they are used in conjunction with chi-square and are interpreted the same way as other PRE measures. What similarities do you find in the way they are interpreted compared to how PRE measures are interpreted in the text?

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Article 1

Pettinichio, D., & Crutchfield, R. D. (2009). Cultures of inequality: Ethnicity, immigration, social welfare, and imprisonment. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 623(1), 134–147.

• How was multivariate analysis used in the above article?

Article 2

Amato, P. R., & Rezac, S. J. (1994). Contact with nonresident parents, interparental conflict, and children’s behavior. Journal of Family Issues, 15(2), 191–207.

• How was multivariate analysis used in the above article?

Article 3

Fothergill, K. E., Ensminger, M. E., Green, K. M., Robertson, J. A., & Soon, H. (2009). Pathways to adult marijuana and cocaine use: A prospective study of African Americans from age 6 to 42. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50(1), 65–81.

• How is ANOVA further developed to conduct the analysis presented in the Fothergill et al. article?
• Examine the figure on page 73. On a separate piece of paper, write down how each of the measures is operationalized as discussed in the article. Are there variables that you think are missing?

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Article 1

Sabina, C., & Tindale, R. S. (2008, April). Abuse characteristics and coping resources as predictors of problem-focused coping strategies among battered women. Violence Against Women, 14(4), 437–456.

• Using the multiple regression results presented in Table 3, identify the significant predictors of “help seeking”.
• As indicated on page 447, the overall model as presented in Table 3 has an overall R2 of .24. Using this information, how well do the factors accounted for in Table 3 predict “help seeking”?

Article 2

Sirin, S. R., & Rogers-Sirin, L. (2004, March). Exploring school engagement of middle-class African American adolescents. Youth & Society, 35(3), 323–340.

• What is the relationship between school engagement, educational expectation, self-esteem, and parental factors? Answer these questions using Table 2; Interpret the correlations using PRE framework.
• How well do each of the factors mentioned in the article predict academic performance? Use R2 presented in Table 3 to answer this question.

Article 3

Vick, R. M., & Packard, W. (2008). Academic success strategy use among community-active urban Hispanic adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30(4), 463–480.

• Were the authors’ original hypotheses proven or disproven?
• Are there any questions that you may have added to the measures on page 468?
• Examine Table 1 on page 472. If this table were presented as is on an exam, would you be able to interpret the significant findings and provide a summary?