After reading this chapter, you should be able to do the following:

• Identify when to use Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations
• Interpret the sign and value of a correlation coefficient
• Draw and interpret scatterplots by hand and using SPSS
• Write null and research hypotheses using words and symbols
• Compute the degrees of freedom (df) and determine the critical region
• Compute a Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients by hand (using a calculator)
• Determine whether or not you should reject the null hypothesis
• Compute an effect size (r2) and describe it
• Summarize the results of the analysis using American Psychological Association (APA) style
• Interpret the SPSS correlation output