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Article 1: Schare, M.L. & Wyatt, K.P. (March 2013). On the Evolving Nature of Exposure Therapy. Behavior modification, 37(2), 243-256

Abstract: Four articles examining methodological applications of exposure therapy and its limited dissemination were briefly reviewed. Methodological articles included those by Abramowitz et al., Gryczkowski et al., and Weiner and McKay, which addressed couple treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), modification of evidence-based anxiety treatments for children, and novel exposure methods for depersonalization and derealization, respectively. The creative aspects of these innovations are highlighted as well as historical parallels in the empirical literature for both anxiety and other clinical phenomena. Underutilization and limited dissemination concerns are discussed in the context of the fourth article by Hipol and Deacon and as related to the field as a whole. A unique concept, exposaphobia, is hypothesized to explain the lack of clinicians’ utilization of this technique, due to their own anxiety-driven inhibitions in using it. Suggestions for the future of exposure research and dissemination are made.

Article 2: Glynn, S.M. (October 1990). Token Economy Approaches for Psychiatric Patients. Behavior modification, 14(4), 383-407

Abstract: Although the token economy is among the most well-validated and effective behavioral treatments for schizophrenia and other serious psychiatric disorders, its use in clinical and research settings has declined from a peak in the early 1970s. Reasons for this decrease in use include staff resistance, reduced length of inpatient admissions, greater emphasis on community-based treatments, economic constraints, and legal and ethical challenges. Nevertheless, a small but enthusiastic group of proponents still conducts token economy research and treatment. Important topics pertaining to the token economy remain to be addressed, including specifying its remediative components, developing strategies to promote generalization and maintenance of treatment gains, and creating better methods to identify patients who would most benefit from participating in these programs.