Chapter 3

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Dietz, E. F., O'Connell, D. J., & Scarpitti, F. R. (2003). Therapeutic communities and prison management: An examination of the effects of operating an in-prison therapeutic community on levels of institutional disorder. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 47(2), 210-223. 

 
1. How are drug treatment programs typically evaluated and how is this research different?
2. What are the potential positives and negatives associated with the use of incident reports to measure institutional disorders? 
3. What is the impact of the overall findings of this research?

Bernburg, J. G., Krohn, M. D., & Rivera, C. J. (2006). Official labeling, criminal embeddedness, and subsequent delinquency: A longitudinal test of labeling theory. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 43(1), 67-88.
 
1. What is the research question of this study?
2. What is labeling theory and how is it applied to involvement in deviant social networks and increased likelihood of subsequent delinquency?
3. What measures are employed in this study and what did the authors conclude?

Moore, L. D., & Padavic, I. (2010). Racial and ethnic disparities in girls' sentencing in the juvenile justice systems. Feminist Criminology, 5(3), 263-285.

1. What population did the authors study and what potential problems associated with this sampling technique?
2. What has current research concluded concerning females and the criminal and juvenile justice systems?
3. What did the authors conclude concerning racial and ethnic disparities in sentencing of females in the juvenile justice system?
 

Koenig, T. H., & Rustad, M. L. (2007). ''Hate torts'' to fight hate crimes: Punishing the organizational roots of evil. American Behavioral Scientist, 51(2), 302-318.

1. What term was coined in this article and what does it mean?
2. How are hate torts used to punish foreign brutality?
3. Explain what the authors mean by gendered hate on the internet.